Which of the following lists common bleeding manifestations in ITP?

• A. Jaundice and hepatomegaly
• B. Hematuria and hematemesis
• C. Petechiae
• D. Petechiae, Ecchymoses, Epistaxis, Bleeding gums

Answer: (D)

In ITP, the main issue is a low platelet count from immune-mediated destruction, so bleeding tends to occur on skin and mucous membranes. The most characteristic and comprehensive bleed manifestations are petechiae (tiny pinpoint spots from small vessel bleeding), ecchymoses (bruises), nosebleeds (epistaxis), and spontaneous bleeding from the gums. Together these reflect easy bleeding with minimal trauma, typical of severe thrombocytopenia.

Jaundice and hepatomegaly are more indicative of liver disease or hemolysis, not the hallmark of isolated platelet destruction. Hematuria and hematemesis can occur with significant bleeding but are not as characteristic as the mucocutaneous pattern listed above.